EDITORIAL :
The Changing Role of Indian Mainstream Media: Print and Television After 2019
Introduction
India's media landscape has undergone significant shifts in recent years, particularly after 2019. The interplay between traditional media (print and television) and digital platforms has transformed the way information is disseminated, consumed, and interpreted. In this article, we explore the evolving role of Indian mainstream media, examining its challenges, opportunities, and impact on public discourse.
1. Delegitimization and Co-option
Print Media:
The once-revered print media faced delegitimization during this period. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government's influence led to self-censorship and co-option by media outlets. Instead of acting as a watchdog, some newspapers and magazines aligned with the government's narrative, emphasizing certain issues while downplaying others.
Television Media:
Television channels, too, grappled with similar challenges. The cozy relationship between certain news networks and the ruling party raised questions about journalistic integrity. The line between news reporting and political propaganda blurred, impacting the credibility of televised news.
2. Digital Explosion and Social Media
The Rise of Digital Platforms:
The explosion of internet connectivity and the proliferation of cheap smartphones democratized media access. With over 500 million Indians online by the end of 2018, social media platforms like WhatsApp, Twitter, and Facebook became powerful tools for information dissemination.
WhatsApp's Dominance:
Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp in 2014 accelerated its growth in India. The messaging app now boasts over 200 million users in the country. WhatsApp groups serve as echo chambers for political discussions, shaping opinions and influencing electoral outcomes.
3. Citizen Journalism and Video Sharing
Smartphone Empowerment:
Ordinary citizens armed with smartphones have become accidental journalists. They capture and share videos of everyday incidents—be it accidents, acts of violence, or political rallies. Video-sharing has become a national pastime, altering the media landscape.
Changing Psyche:
The strange Indian psyche now prompts people to record events spontaneously. When a coaching center catches fire, passers-by stop and shoot videos. Similarly, instances of lynching or sexual assault are documented by witnesses. On a different plane, the victory of Narendra Modi witnesses a blossoming of videos on TikTok, where ordinary young people celebrate his success.
4. Neo-Middle Class and Communications Revolution
Demographic Shift:
The neo-middle class, empowered by technology, plays a crucial role. Access to media tools—cheap smartphones with cameras and video-editing apps—has become a marker of changing demographics. Youngsters from diverse backgrounds now participate actively in shaping media narratives.
Self-Expression and Political Engagement:
Young men and women express their views through videos, memes, and tweets. The digital realm allows them to celebrate political figures, critique policies, and engage in civic discourse. The intersection of technology, identity, and politics defines this new era of media participation.
Conclusion:
India's mainstream media is no longer confined to newsrooms and studios. It resides in the pockets of millions, shaping opinions, influencing elections, and reflecting the nation's diverse voices. As we navigate this dynamic landscape, critical questions arise: How can media regain its credibility? How can it balance its role as an informer and a watchdog? The answers lie in embracing transparency, ethical journalism, and the power of citizen engagement.
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